| Hardware | ||
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Since I have updated to a new Patchmaster version, I get the error message : "EPC10 initialization failed: LIH error: Incorrect DSP version ID (0x82203000)" whenever I start Patchmaster. I have an EPC 10 amplifier. |
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This error message indicates, that the installed EPC driver is not compatible to your Patchmaster/PULSE version. You should always install driver and Patchmaster/PULSE from the smae source. If you have downloaded a new version from our web site, then install the "EPC driver" from that page, too.
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I have an EPC 10 (same applies for an EPC 9) and a TIB 14 trigger box. How can I control the 14 digital channels from PULSE? In the PGF file I can access only channel 0 to 7 of the TIB 14 (dig 0 to dig 7 in the pull down menu). However, TIB 14 has 14 digital channels. How can I access channels 8 to 13? |
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You can control all 14 digital out channels from the amplifier window. The digital out channels are hidden on the right side of the window. Please enlarge the window size by pulling the right side of the window frame further to the right or maximizing the window size. You will see a yellow list of all digital ports. You can set each port with just a mouse click. (see also PULSE/PULSEFIT manual chapter "EPC X Amplifer / DA-Output and digital Trigger Lines) In a PGF you can set three independent triggers. You can choose these triggers from the three analog out channels (DA-0 to DA-2) and the digital ports 0 to 7. You can set multiple digital ports in parallel by multiple selection of trigger channels. In the case you want to set the same trigger more than once in a PGF you can use the "Rep./Cycle" entry. (see also PULSE/PULSEFIT manual chapter "Pulse Generator / Triggers") In the case you need control over more digital channels you can run a macro at the beginning or the end of the pulse protocol. In the macro you can implement all 14 digital channels provided by the TIB 14. Timing of the ports (e.g. delay between TTL high and TTL low) can be implemented in a macro by use of the "delay field" in the amplifier window (field below CapTrack). |
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I am working with a EPC-9 Double and I would like to record simultaneously from the two amplifiers to do paired recordings of neurons in slices. I understand how to visualise the traces coming from the two headstages in the EPC-9 window by selecting alternatively the fields of the two amplifiers, however it would be useful to get in the oscilloscope window the two traces at the same time. Is this possible and if yes how? More importantly, I would like to create protocols for one amplifier and not the other and vice versa, so that, for example, to be able to inject a voltage pulse in one amplifier and applying no pulse in the other and again be able to see the two traces at the same time. Is that possible? This is necessary for the double patch recording when one wants to activate one cell and see the synaptic response in another. Please let me know how to use the amplifier in this way. |
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Yes, it is possible to record and to display current or voltage traces of both amplifiers simultaneously. The settings are made in the pulse generator dialog: Please set the number of "Channels" in the 'AD/DA channels' section of the dialog to "2". The inputs for data acquisition can be specified in the same section. Selecting a specific AD for "Trace 1" and "Trace 2" will cause the stimulation and acquisition using those fixed channels, irrespective of which amplifier is the "active" one. For example, if you want to record the current of both amplifier, set "Trace 1" to Imon 1 and 'Trace 2' to 'Imon 2'. By default, current and voltage trace of the "active" (selected in the amplifier dialog) amplifier are stored and displayed in the oscilloscope. Selecting a specific Stim-DA (in the same section) will cause the stimulation using this fixed channel, irrespective of which amplifier is the "active" one. PULSE will use the known current- and voltage-gains as well as the modes (On-Cell, Whole-Cell, etc.) of the addressed amplifier. E.g., this allows to keep the first amplifier in cell-attached mode with a high current gain, while reading at the same time from the second amplifier in the whole-cell mode with a medium current gain setting. |
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I'll have to do a lot of electrical activity recordings. Most patch-clamp amplifiers, including the EPC7, introduce substantial distorsion when recording action potentials in the CC mode (Magistretti et al., Trends. Neurosci. (1996) 19, 530-534). In order to minimize this problem Axon Instruments has introduced a 'fast CC mode' on its Axopatch200A. Does HEKA provide a similar solution with the EPC9 ? |
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Yes, the EPC9 has two feedback circuitry for current clamp recordings. The so called "fast" current clamp mode was introduced with the "C" version of the hardware in 1995 and is also available in the EPC8. The EPC7 and older EPC9 amplifiers ("A" and "B" version) lack the fast current clamp mode. The board version of your EPC9 amplifier is displayed in the last menu item of the EPC9 menu. If your amplifier supports the fast current clamp speed it will be activated by default (blue line in the oscilloscope). To turn this mode off close the oscilloscope, click the red button labeled CC Fast Speed and then open the oscilloscope again. Now, you will see a much slower signal (red line in the oscilloscope).
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What is the maximal scan rate of a digital scan generator |
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The scan rate is equivalent to the scan amplitude (minimal-to-maximal voltage range) divided by the time required to scan this range. In the case of a digital scan generator, the maximal scan rate is dependent upon the sampling time of the D/A board. For example, if the scan amplitude is 10V and the minimal sampling time is 5µs (200 kHz sampling rate), the resultant scan rate can be as high as 2.0 x106 V/s. Obviously, the scan rate itself is directly dependent upon the scan amplitude and, therefore, we often give consideration to another value, the scan resolution. In this instance, we are concerned with the size of a digital unit voltage step at a given scan and sampling rate. The value of the digital unit voltage step is determined by dividing the scan rate by the sample rate and is independent of the scan amplitude itself. For example, at a maximal sample rate of 200 kHz, a single digital voltage step at a scan rate of 1000 V/s is 5 mV. The digital voltage step inversely proportional with the sample rate; i.e., a reduction of the sample rate by a factor of two increases the digital voltage step by a factor of two. |
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| PULSE+PULSEFIT / PATCHMASTER | ||
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I have an EPC 10 (same applies for an EPC 9) and a TIB 14 trigger box. How can I control the 14 digital channels from PULSE? In the PGF file I can access only channel 0 - 7 of the TIB 14 (dig 0 to dig 7 in the pull down menu). However, TIB 14 has 14 digital channels. How can I access channels 8 to 13? |
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You can control all 14 digital out channels from the amplifier window. The digital out channels are hidden on the right side of the window. Please enlarge the window size by pulling the right side of the window frame further to the right or maximizing the window size. You will see a yellow list of all digital ports. You can set each port with just a mouse click. (see also PULSE/PULSEFIT manual chapter "EPC X Amplifer / DA-Output and digital Trigger Lines") In a PGF you can set three independent triggers. You can choose these triggers from the three analog out channels (DA-0 to DA-2) and the digital ports 0 to 7. You can set multiple digital ports in parallel by multiple selection of trigger channels. In the case you want to set the same trigger more than once in a PGF you can use the „Rep./Cycle“ entry. (see also PULSE/PULSEFIT manual chapter "Pulse Generator / Triggers") In the case you need control over more digital channels you can run a macro at the beginning or the end of the pulse protocol. In the macro you can implement all 14 digital channels provided by the TIB 14. Timing of the ports (e.g. delay between TTL high and TTL low) can be implemented in a macro by use of the „delay field“ in the amplifier window (field below CapTrack). |
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The TILL Polychrome IV monochrometer now comes with a calibration photo diode, which has a triple band filter built in. How can I calibrate the monochrometer using HEKA's FURA extension or the Photometry feature of PATCHMASTER using this triple band filter instead of the two single band pass filters which have been delivered previously? |
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The complete spectrum of the Polychrome IV can still be controlled with an analog voltage in the range from –10 V to +10 V. The center wavelength of the three peaks of the triple band filter are indicated on the calibration photodiode and are usually about 400 nm, 470 nm, and 585 nm. For calibration, only the peaks at 400 nm and 585 nm are relevant. That means you have to restrict the scan range during the two calibration scans in such a way that you catch the lower peak during the first scan and the upper peak during the second scan. You can do so by setting the scan range in the "Fura Configurations (T.I.L.L.)" during the first run from –10 V to –2 V and during the second run from +2 V to +10 V. In both runs you should see only one peak in the display. In case you have picked up a second peak, please adjust the scan range accordingly.
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I am using pulse with an EPC9 on a windows 2000 PC. I can not seem to get the sound feature (audio indicator of Rm) to work. The volume in the extended window is set to 100% and frequency is 100 Hz/MOhm. The audio system works fine otherwise, beep in pulse works and normal windows audio functions. Any ideas? |
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The sound feature of PULSE requires a sound board with so-called MIDI capabilities. Most likely, your computer has an on-board sound chip. Most of these chips do not support the MIDI features. Therefore, you should consider to buy a cheap "external" (PCI) sound board for your computer. You should try to get a 100% SoundBlaster-compatible board (Please check our sound board compatibility list before ordering a sound card). Make sure to install the most recent drivers for the sound board.
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How can I select the second trace ("Trace 2") when using the measure or scan data controls ? I tried a couple of things but nothing seemed to work. |
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Just switch in the Online Analysis dialog from "First Trace" to "Second Trace".
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Why is the trigger inverted? I checked it by reading it back and displaying it on the oscilloscope. |
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The trigger is not inverted. You are just using the wrong AD-channel to read it in. Read the trigger on any AD-channel which is neither the "Current In" nor the "Voltage In" channel. These two AD-channels invert the signal depending on the selected acquisition modes (On-Cell, Whole-Cell, etc.).
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Is there a limit on the number of data points that can be displayed on the Oscilloscope window? |
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The maximum number of data which PULSE+PULSEFIT can display is the maximal number of samples in the stimulus buffer ("Buffer Allocation" in the PULSE menu). So, if you increase that value, you increase also the other limit. In PATCHMASTER, the size of the stimulus buffer is set in the configuration dialog ("Max Sample Points").
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Why does PULSE+PULSEFIT sometimes not display the complete sweep? |
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This is true, when the sweep is longer than the presently allocated stimulus buffer. This can happen e.g. if you acquired the data on a machine were you increased the stimulus buffer size and now try to analyze the data on another machine that has the default size. In this case sweeps are only displayed up to the current buffer limit. Increase the buffer size appropriately.
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Why does PULSE always switch to Imon1 channel in the Amplifier window, even when I select Imon2? |
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PULSE+PULSEFIT always will switch to the Imon1 channel in the Amplifier window, when one selects Auto Filter in the Configuration window and the selected bandwidth is above 15kHz. The bandwidth of Imon2 is limited by the highest filter 2 setting of about 15kHz, while Imon1 has a much higher maximal bandwidth.
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Why is the option VC and CC in the Pulse Generator no longer available? |
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That option is there for compatibility reasons with earlier versions only. A stimulus is reasonable either for the Voltage-Clamp (amplitudes in [mV]) or the Current-Clamp mode (amplitudes in [pA]), but never both! Thus, the user has to select the appropriate mode before the experiment.
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There is always a red, "shadow" trace in the Oscilloscope. How can I get rid of it? |
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The red trace is the second acquired AD-channel. Its input, i.e. the BNC-input, is apparently not connected to the amplifier, and one records the capacitive coupled image of trace one. If you do not require to acquire two traces, change the number of input channels in the Pulse Generator window from 2 to 1, and the "red" trace will disappear. You can delete all already acquired unwanted second traces with the Tree -> Delete 2nd Trace option.
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In PULSEFIT one can edit the displayed membrane potential in the Oscilloscope window. Isn't it wrong since this value is a measured one and should not be allowed to be modified? Also, sometimes the displayed membrane potential seems to be wrong. |
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The behavior of PULSEFIT does not differ from the one of PULSE in that respect. Thus, the "membrane potential" field displays the membrane potential of the selected target in the Replay window as long as the Replay window is the active one! Also, one does not modify the stored value for the membrane potential in the Oscilloscope window (as soon as one switches to the Oscilloscope window the Replay window is no longer the front window!). The stored parameters within the sweeps can only be modified via the Edit option in the Tree-menu, provided that the data file is opened with the "modify" attribute.
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When I acquire continuous data from 2 AD-channels at 25 kHz I get huge data files larger than 1MB.What is going wrong? |
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The acquisition of one sweep during 1 minute (= 60,000 ms) at 40 µs (= 0.04 ms) per point (25 kHz) gives about 1,500,000 samples per sweep per acquired channel. With 2 acquired channels this results in 2.9 MB for every single sweep!
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I urgently need a button which will reduce the RS-setting by 10% in one "click". This is required to quickly reduce the RS-settings ,when the amplifier starts to oscillate. |
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Such an additional function can easily be added by recording a macro which reduces the RS-setting by a relative step of 10%. Then assign this new macro to a convenient macro button. You can even assign a command key to that new button such reducing the present RS-value by 10% is as quick as hitting one convenient key. 5 : RSDecrease E Relative: TRUE E RsComp: -10% E Relative: FALSE Another approach to quickly reduce the RS-settings of an oscillating amplifier is to quickly drag the mouse downwards (which will turn the compensation off) or use the standard feature to enter parameters by directly entering the numerical value. In the above example you can proceed as follows: When you slowly increment the RS-value and the amplifier starts to oscillate so badly hit the <ENTER> key of the numerical keypad, type a zero and press <ENTER> again (to recall: hitting the <ENTER> key will allow you to type in the numeric value in the last edit field one was "dragging" the mouse). An additional note to the above example: When the EPC9 or EPC8 gets into oscillations, one often has to reduce the RS-value much beyond 10% to bring back the amplifier to a stable state. This depends from many factors, such as gain and RS-speed settings. |
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How can I store a modified trace? |
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You can use the Replace Target Trace in the Buffer menu to replace a trace with whatever is in the sweep buffer. The trace to be replaced (i.e., first, second, or leak trace) is set with the Buffer -> Use: Trace option. Of course, the data file must have been opened with write permission (File -> Open Modify... or File -> New...).
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How can I improve the Auto-CFast and -CSlow compensation routines, when there is a considerable leak? |
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You could use the automatic leak compensation routine to compensate the leak current when executing an automatic CSlow compensation. Thus, generate a macro that calls the Auto-GLeak just before calling Auto-CSlow, and then disables GLeak immediately thereafter. Here the listing of the proposed macro named "LeakCSlow": 4 : LeakCSlow E Mode: 3: Whole Cell E Gain: 11: 10 mV/pA E AutoGLeak E CSlow: 30.00pF E RSeries: 10.0MOhm E AutoCSlow E AutoCSlow E GLeak: 0.00 S E Bell |
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How can I improve the Auto-CSlow compensation routine, when the two patched cells are connected by gap-junctions with a considerable conductance? |
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PULSE+PULSEFIT has an option to simultaneously send the stimulus used to estimate the capacitance to both cells. This will eliminate the leak current through the gap-junction, and, thus, allows the Auto-CSlow to succeed.
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The value for Rmemb is correct, when a test pulse is running. Why then does the Rmemb value appear to be meaningless, when I turn the test pulse off or switch to the oscilloscope window? |
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The Rmemb value is computed in two ways: When a test pulse is running, Rmemb is computed as: Rmemb = dU / d I = Test Pulse Amplitude / ( CurrentTestPulseSegment 1 - CurrentTestPulseSegment 2) When no test pulse is running, Rmemb is computed as: Rmemb = Vmemb / Ipip = Measured Steady StateVoltage / Measured Steady State Pipette Current The first formula estimates Rmemb by the relative current change evoked by the voltage jump in the test pulse. This kind of Rmemb estimation is insensitive against leak currents, a possible reversal potential, and uncompensated amplifier offsets. Also, the applied test pulse amplitude as well as the evoked current can be measured with good precision. The second formula has some major shortcomings. It is sensitive to leak currents, a possible reversal potential, and uncompensated amplifier offsets. Also, precision artifacts can occur, especially when holding the cell at zero holding potential or when the measured current is very small. In most situations it is sufficient to apply a holding potential other than zero to get Rmemb showing reasonable estimates again. |
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How can I check, if the EPC9 produces the correct command potential? |
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You can easily check if the EPC9 produces the correct command potential by measuring the voltage monitor output, which is the command that will also be output at the probe. To do this you can connect the VOLTAGE MONITOR output of the EPC9 to an external oscilloscope or a potentiometer, generate a command potential and read back the value. Alternatively you can read back this value by using the EPC9 itself, just connect the VOLTAGE MONITOR with AD0 which is the default voltage input (this can be changed in the Configuration dialog of PULSE). In the EPC9 panel you should now read the potential in the V-mon field. You can change the precision of that display by clicking on it with CAPSLOCK on and CTRL+ALT (MacOS: CTRL+COMMAND) pressed. Set the type of the field to engineering, text to V and precision to 7 digits. The difference between the command and the output you read back should be less than 1 mV.
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I recorded currents using a wrong gain setting and now I want to correct for that. However, when I scale the sweeps by copying them into the buffer and using the Scale... command from the Buffer menu I get artifacts at the very beginning of the segments as soon as I replace the target sweep by the buffer. Did I miss the point? |
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The problem you describe results from the fact, that the buffer is represented internally by floating point values whereas the sweep data are 16 bit integers. A 16-bit signed integer can be any value between -2^15 to 2^15 -1 (-32768 to 32767). When you scale a sweep (e.g. by multiplying it by a factor of 5) the integer value can easily overflow ("clip"). As long as you look at the buffer you don't see this overflow, since floating points have a much bigger range - however, the overflow will become eminent as soon as you copy the buffer back into the sweep again. An integer overflow will usually show up as a sign inversion. You can easily check this overflow by scaling the sweeps of group 3, series 1 of the experiment file DEMO.DAT from the HEKA CD: multiplying the first sweeps by 5 will overflow the integer range during the peak inward current while this does not occur with the last sweeps. If you want to correct for a wrong amplifier gain during acquisition of the data you can do this much easier: in the Replay window select the target sweep and then type "E" (or select Tree -> Edit). In the upcoming dialog select Gain 1 (or Gain 2, if you recorded the second channel) from the popup and then click the Modify button. Now you can enter the correct amplifier gain!
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I have made a perfusion system that can be controlled from the EPC9 and I would like to make an online concentration-response curve and fit it to obtain EC50 or IC50 . This should be possible - or not? |
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PULSEFIT is able to do Dose-Response fits based on the solutions used during the experiment! Since PULSE+PULSEFIT stores the solution data together with the series, the dose-response fit is available within the "Group Fit" window were you can select the concentration of any ingredient of your solution as abscissa. To sketch a possible bottom-up scenario let's assume you want to determine the effect of drugs on a voltage dependent channel: 1. In a typical experiment you apply repetitive sweeps and determine one parameter - such as the peak current at different potentials - at the Sweep Fit level. This will give you one set of x- and y-values for every sweep. The x-values were acquired with the data (e.g. voltage of the relevant segment, time, GSeries, CSlow...) the y-values are obtained from the sweep fit (e.g. peak or mean current, time constant of in-/activation, ...). 2. On the next level, the so called Series Fit you analyze the sweep fit parameters to obtain e.g. a current-voltage relationship by looking at the peak current versus the holding potential of the relevant segment of each sweep. This will give you the next set of x- and y-data, one set per series. The x-values were acquired with the data (e.g. temperature, pipette pressure, solutions...) the y-values are obtained from the sweep fit itself (e.g. reversal potential, Vhalf , ...). 3. Each series of PULSE data was obtained using different internal or external solutions. On the top level - the Group Fit - you can analyze the data sets obtained from different series representing one pharmacological experiment (e.g. one substance). The Group Fit allows you to do a Dose-Response fit of any y-value obtained in the series fit versus the concentration of any internal or external substance or the pH/osmolarity of the solution. |
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How can I include command characters in a serial command string? |
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To include command characters, i.e., and "non-ASCII" character, in a serial command string one has the following options: A ´\´ character followed by a number is interpreted as its character code in octal representation. E.g., the string ´\´ corresponds to the <RETURN> character. Alternatively the ´\´ character can be followed by the following lower case alphanumeric letters: ´\r´ <RETURN> ´\l´ <LINEFEED> ´\\´ the backslash character itself The above described feature is used in many environments, such as, e.g., PostScript and ´C´. |
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Recently I updated the operating system of my MAC computer. From that time the computer does not recognize the square PULSE dongle. |
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For the old square dongles a specific driver (Eve-2 extension) is required. The driver installation can be done either with the PULSE installer or the E9Screen installer
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I just received your software package PULSE+PULSEFIT, that includes a so called "dongle". I connected this dongle to my computer as described in the manual. However the software runs only in demo mode. What can I do ? |
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Some dongles (all dongle for Windows PCs and the Eve 2 dongles for Macintosh) require a driver installation. On Windows machines you may use the dongle setup software on our CD. The path of the installation programs for the dongle depends on your operating system.
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How can I get an overview of the contents of a PULSE data file ? |
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If you want to printout graphs of your experimental data you can set the export settings (in the "Tree" menu) to "Printer". Then click on "Export" in the menu. If you've set the cursor to the root of the data tree, Pulse will print all series in the file. If you prefer to get an overview in text form you should set the export setting to "Log book". A click on "Export" will export your data tree (including the most importent amplifier-settings, time stamp and results of the online analysis) to a text file which can be opened and printed with each Text editor.
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I need to record data over a duration of several 10 seconds or minutes. Does PULSE offer any option to do this? |
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Of course continuous recording is possible with PULSE, regardless of the recording mode. There are two options for writing continuous data to the harddisk: The data can either be written directly to the harddisk (1) or the data can be temporarily stored in the RAM (2). In any case, in the pulse generator file, at least one non-continuous segment and one continuous segment have to be defined. The "constant" segment determines the length of the oscilloscope page. The length of the "continuous" segment has to be defined as well, e. g. 30 s. For very long recordings, an "indefinite" time can be given. To stop recording and save the data acquired up to this point, click on the "BREAK" button or press "Ctrl" and "B". The "STOP" button is used to stop recording at the end of the sweep. 1) Writing to harddisk: Set the "continuous buffer" in the "Configuration" window to "0" and "channels" in the PGF window to "1". Only one AD input channel can be used. In general, this method is slower than 2), because it depends on the speed of the harddisk. Therefore, one has to check whether the data can be sampled with the desired sampling rate and of the duration required. 2) Writing to RAM: During one sweep, the data of the "continuous" segment are stored in the "continuous buffer" in RAM. This requires an appropriate size of RAM. Two input channels can be used. The data are written to the harddisk after the sweep. One has to reserve an appropriate amount of memory for the duration of the "continuous" segment in the "continuous buffer" in the "Configuration" window (Default: 102 kSamples). The size of the required buffer can be calculated by: (2 Bytes / sample) x input channels x frequency x duration. For example, 2 input channels at 20 kHz for 1 min results in 4.6 MByte. The maximum sampling rate during continuous recording depends on the speed of your computer CPU, harddrive, and on the available memory. For example, with a PC with a Pentium II CPU when sampling via one input channel, up to 100 kHz sampling rate should be possible. The difference between "constant" and "continuous" segment in the PGF is: With "constant" the stimulus in this particular segment is kept constant and the segment has a specified length. "Continuous" enables continuous recording with the stimulus amplitude as specified in that segment. Only the last segment can be continuous and there has to be at least one non-continuous segment before. See also the descriptions in the PULSE manual, chapter Pulse Generator. |
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In the course of a normal experiment I have annotated the notebook (detailing drug additions etc). When I print the notebook this information is also printed. However, despite saving the notebook, when I re-open the associated file I find that whereas any online analysis has been stored, all the things which I typed myself into the notebook have been lost - what am I doing wrong? |
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When "Buffered output" in the Notebook Menu is selected, the online analysis and the comments typed via keyboard are written to the notebook. All contents of the notebook is saved as a text file if a) Auto store is selected or b) The user saves it manually (Menu: Notebook/save or Notebook/save as). Note: With b), the notebook is by default stored in a directory different from the one with your data file. Specifiy the directory when saving the notebook. The size of the notebook is set to 1000 lines by default. It can be changed with Menu: Notebook/set length. The notebook can also be printed (File/print notebook) |
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I’ve changed from an ATARI system to a Windows based Setup, running PULSE+PULSEFIT. Is it possible to analyze my old Atari data files? |
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PULSE+PULSEFIT is not able to read the native ATARI file format. However, the pulsed ATARI data can be converted by PULSE into the PULSE data format. After conversion the data can be analyzed with PULSE+PULSEFIT. Continuous data files can not be read by PULSE. |
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I would like to analyze my pClamp 6.0 data with PULSEFIT. Is it possible to read the AXON file format with PULSEFIT |
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No !
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I need to know how I could print the data shown in the PULSE oscilloscope ? |
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In PULSE+PULSEFIT the data can be "exported" to the printer. The “Export” option will try to keep a “what-you-see-is-what-you-get” behavior. This means that the display options define the export options; e.g., when "Show P/n" is on and "Second Trace" is selected as background trace, the leak and second traces are also exported. The difference between the normal “Export” function and the “Export Full Sweeps” option is that the former exports the actual data as displayed on the main window including filtering, reference or P/n subtraction, etc., whereas the latter exports the data by reference to the original data file as the entire sweep (not considering Start- and End-times) along with the corresponding leak traces.
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I would like to print and/or export the I/V curve performed with the "on-line analysis" feature. How can I do this? |
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Printing in PULSE is almost the same as "exporting" data to a file. To print a IV curve performed in the `Online Analysis´ window, (i) select `Printer´ from the `Export´ heading and (ii) select `Online Analysis' from the `Export Mode´ (also under the Tree heading). Then (iii) click on `Export´ under the Tree heading (Note: the series that is to be printed has to be highlighted in the Replay window to enable the Export function to be selected.
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Is it possible to see on the same window 2 I/V curves (from different series) and print or export it? |
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Printing two IV curves from two different series can be done in the following manner: (i) In the `Online Analysis´ window select "fixed scaling", and click on "copy last" (this uses the scaling of the last plotted graph; if you prefer you can set the scaling manually), and use the "overlay" function. (ii) after selecting the two IV series for online analysis you should see both in your Online Analysis screen. (iii) To print more than one IV relation in the same graph you have to "Mark" them by highlighting each of them in the replay window. (iv) Now select "Export All" under the `Marks´ menu. |
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Typical case of a current acquired with a ramp stimulus: How do you correlate the current amplitude (at a precise time) with the corresponding potential on the waveform? |
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The current amplitude at precise times can be correlated with the corresponding potential of the ramp waveform by use of the `Scan Data´ function in the oscilloscope window (in the `I vs. T´ mode). The current, voltage, and time values are displayed in the notebook window for wherever you place your cursor. It is also possible to display I vs. V in the oscilloscope. If both, current and voltage, have been recorded, the current is plotted versus the measured potential. If only the current data is available, the theoretical potential for each data point is calculated from the ramp wave form (I vs. V-ramp, theo.).
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| TIDA | ||
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It seems that I cannot edit existing stimulation files ? Any ideas ? |
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TIDA uses the Windows Notepad editor for editing text files like stimulation files ('*.STM'). The Notepad of Windows 95 has the peculiarity that it only accepts file-name extensions that are registered for it. That means, if a stimulation file has been opened by Notepad and saved under another name ('SAVE AS'), then Notepad will append the extension 'TXT' to the new name even if 'STM' has been specified explicitly. Therefore you should register the file-name extension 'STM' to Notepad by executing the following steps:
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